{"id":703,"date":"2026-08-21T13:59:34","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T06:59:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sophiango.com\/?p=703"},"modified":"2026-08-21T13:59:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T06:59:34","slug":"hau-covid-19-va-hau-cum-a-anh-huong-len-suc-khoe-ti-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sophiango.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/21\/hau-covid-19-va-hau-cum-a-anh-huong-len-suc-khoe-ti-the\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1eadu COVID-19 v\u00e0 H\u1eadu c\u00fam A \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti th\u1ec3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

H\u1eadu COVID-19<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1eadu COVID-19 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef y h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng sau khi nhi\u1ec5m SARS-CoV-2, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO), h\u1eadu COVID-19 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i sau \u2265 4 tu\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec5m COVID-19 nh\u1eb9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu COVID thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi: nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n 3\u20136 th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean 12 th\u00e1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu COVID tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eadu COVID r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00f3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m ho k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, h\u1ee5t h\u01a1i khi g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1i\u201d ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t l\u1ea3 sau v\u00e0i ph\u00fat v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u201cs\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 n\u00e3o\u201d \u2013 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1eadp trung, gi\u1ea3m tr\u00ed nh\u1edb ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, ch\u1eadm x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n sau COVID t\u1eebng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n lo \u00e2u, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, c\u00e1u g\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. H\u1ec7 tim m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1c, h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, \u0111au ng\u1ef1c, nh\u1ecbp tim nhanh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00fd do. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201ctim \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp, m\u1ecfi c\u01a1, \u0111au nh\u1ee9c lan t\u1ecfa, \u0111au kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, \u0111\u00f4i khi gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (fibromyalgia). C\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft \u2013 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft, kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2 ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p. V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, c\u1ea3m c\u00fam, vi\u00eam xoang ho\u1eb7c vi\u00eam h\u1ecdng t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu sau COVID-19 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu COVID. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u201cb\u00e3o cytokine\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1ed3 \u1ea1t nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t virus. D\u00f9 virus b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n vi\u00eam v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au c\u01a1, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho khan k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n, khi SARS-CoV-2 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111au kh\u1edbp, vi\u00eam tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n RNA virus c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4 ru\u1ed9t, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c xoang v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i ngay c\u1ea3 sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam nh\u1eb9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1eadu COVID-19 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

SARS-CoV-2 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ti th\u1ec3 \u2013 b\u00e0o quan gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Khi virus x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o: thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed \u2013 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ATP hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua chu\u1ed7i h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ti th\u1ec3 \u2013 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n (glycolysis), v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f4 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao nh\u01b0 c\u01a1, n\u00e3o v\u00e0 tim. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, SARS-CoV-2 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng oxy h\u00f3a (oxidative stress), l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do ROS. ROS cao qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u00e0ng ti th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng DNA ty th\u1ec3 (mtDNA), g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, virus c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u MAVS \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n virus v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t interferon[1]<\/a>. Khi MAVS b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf, virus d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 protein virus, nh\u01b0 ORF9b ho\u1eb7c NSP4, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y th\u1ee7ng m\u00e0ng ti th\u1ec3, khi\u1ebfn cytochrome C tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (apoptosis) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Chu\u1ed7i h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ti th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng khi SARS-CoV-2 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cytochrome C oxidase \u2013 m\u1ed9t enzyme quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ATP. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c ngay c\u1ea3 sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/td>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Thay \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ti th\u1ec3<\/td>SARS-CoV-2 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1eeb h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed \u2192 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n (glycolysis) \u2192 gi\u1ea3m sinh ATP hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/td><\/tr>
T\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ROS<\/td>Virus k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng oxy h\u00f3a (oxidative stress) \u2192 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 DNA ty th\u1ec3 (mtDNA)<\/td><\/tr>
\u1ee8c ch\u1ebf t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u MAVS<\/td>L\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o t\u1ea1i ti th\u1ec3, gi\u00fap virus n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh interferon<\/td><\/tr>
G\u00e2y ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (apoptosis)<\/td>Protein virus (nh\u01b0 ORF9b, NSP4) g\u00e2y th\u1ee7ng m\u00e0ng ti th\u1ec3, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t apoptosis kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/td><\/tr>
L\u00e0m h\u1ecfng chu\u1ed7i h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ti th\u1ec3<\/td>SARS-CoV-2 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cytochrome C oxidase, g\u00e2y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ti th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu COVID. Gi\u1ea3m sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh lu\u00f4n trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi s\u00e2u, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c khi g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb9. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam to\u00e0n th\u00e2n dai d\u1eb3ng do stress oxy h\u00f3a g\u00e2y \u0111au c\u01a1, s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. Khi ti th\u1ec3 trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 n\u00e3o, gi\u1ea3m t\u1eadp trung, m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti th\u1ec3 \u1edf tim v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 th\u1edf k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, nh\u1ecbp tim kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ee5t h\u01a1i khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng COVID-19 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ti th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u00eam m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh \u2013 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eadu COVID k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a (vitamin C, E, omega-3, CoQ10), v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u, ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd stress \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eadu COVID. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1eadu<\/strong> COVID-19 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng Tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

COVID-19 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i do virus m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111a c\u01a1 quan, trong \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. SARS-CoV-2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p theo c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh khi \u0111ang nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1eadu COVID. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Tuy\u1ebft Hoa (2022) v\u00e0 Baldelli v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2021), cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc COVID-19. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ACE2 r\u1ea5t cao \u2013 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 SARS-CoV-2 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 virus t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebft hormone T3, T4 ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y vi\u00eam m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p sau COVID-19<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/td>Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
1. G\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ACE2<\/td>Tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ACE2 cao \u2013 th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 virus SARS-CoV-2 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/td><\/tr>
2. Vi\u00eam tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p do virus<\/td>SARS-CoV-2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p b\u00e1n c\u1ea5p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00fam.<\/td><\/tr>
3. T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do b\u00e3o cytokine<\/td>B\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u00e1p h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec5m.<\/td><\/tr>
4. T\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec5m<\/td>K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Hashimoto ho\u1eb7c Basedow.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, SARS-CoV-2 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p b\u00e1n c\u1ea5p \u2013 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p do virus, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau c\u00fam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9, \u0111au v\u00f9ng c\u1ed5, nu\u1ed1t \u0111au, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y TSH gi\u1ea3m, T3 v\u00e0 T4 t\u0103ng. D\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p l\u00e0 b\u00e3o cytokine \u2013 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong COVID-19 n\u1eb7ng. Khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u cytokine, h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hormone. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1p tho\u00e1ng qua trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang suy gi\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi khi tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, COVID-19 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh Hashimoto (g\u00e2y suy gi\u00e1p) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh Basedow\/Graves (g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1p). \u1ede nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh, SARS-CoV-2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cy\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t\u201d, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t sau nhi\u1ec5m. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed (molecular mimicry), khi protein virus c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m m\u00f4 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p h\u1eadu COVID ghi nh\u1eadn trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Vi\u00eam tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p b\u00e1n c\u1ea5p (De Quervain) l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9, \u0111au c\u1ed5, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, tim \u0111\u1eadp nhanh v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 T3\/T4 t\u0103ng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng. C\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1p h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 1\u20133 th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng run tay, h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, s\u1ee5t c\u00e2n, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o suy gi\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, do tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn TSH t\u0103ng v\u00e0 T3\/T4 gi\u1ea3m. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n khi m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Hashimoto ho\u1eb7c Basedow c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 b\u1ec7nh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t sau khi nhi\u1ec5m COVID-19, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, COVID-19 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf vi\u00eam, t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a virus. H\u1eadu COVID c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p b\u00e1n c\u1ea5p, c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1p tho\u00e1ng qua ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p sau kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 TSH, FT3, FT4 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p (Anti-TPO, Anti-Tg) n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau 4\u20136 tu\u1ea7n kh\u1ecfi COVID-19 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng tim m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 h\u1eadu C\u00fam A kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cH\u1eadu c\u00fam A\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef y h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ecfi c\u00fam A, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u1edbi virus v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ed1t. Sau khi nhi\u1ec5m c\u00fam A, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00ec h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 1\u20133 tu\u1ea7n. M\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi dai d\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu virus khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ho khan k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p do ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5m, khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ho duy tr\u00ec l\u00e2u h\u01a1n d\u00f9 virus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau c\u00fam A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb9, kh\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201cch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p\u201d v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam nh\u1eb9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu oxy m\u00f4 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5p. Vi\u00eam xoang m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5m xoang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi v\u00f9ng xoang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, do c\u00fam A l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn d\u1eabn l\u01b0u xoang. Hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00fam A g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean xoang<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

H\u1eadu c\u00fam A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng xoang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam xoang sau c\u00fam, khi virus c\u00fam A g\u00e2y vi\u00eam k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n, g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn d\u1eabn l\u01b0u d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c xoang c\u1ea1nh m\u0169i nh\u01b0 xoang tr\u00e1n, xoang h\u00e0m, xoang s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 xoang b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi h\u1ed1c m\u0169i qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf. Khi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn sau nhi\u1ec5m c\u00fam A, d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecdng d\u1ecbch, l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau c\u00fam A ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1eb7p ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, \u0111au nh\u1ee9c v\u00f9ng m\u1eb7t, ho \u0111\u1eddm ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9 virus \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng xoang h\u1eadu c\u00fam l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao c\u00fam A d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng xoang. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, virus c\u00fam A tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u0169i v\u00e0 xoang. Khi virus nh\u00e2n l\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4, ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ph\u00f9 n\u1ec1, vi\u00eam \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y l\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n – c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u00fap v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea7y t\u1eeb xoang ra ngo\u00e0i. Khi l\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 xoang b\u1ecb \u201c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam xoang c\u1ea5p. Th\u1ee9 hai, sau c\u00fam A, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea7y. N\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb gi\u1eef trong khoang k\u00edn c\u1ee7a xoang, vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng sinh s\u00f4i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam xoang m\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au \u00e2m \u1ec9 v\u00f9ng tr\u00e1n, g\u1ed1c m\u0169i, hai b\u00ean m\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111au lan l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00fam A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau c\u00fam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n vi\u00eam ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c nh\u1eb9 trong nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh vi\u00eam xoang m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n, g\u00e2y ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i k\u00e9o dai, gi\u1ea3m ng\u1eedi, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1i \u0111i t\u00e1i l\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c sau c\u00fam, h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201ckho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch\u201d l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae ho\u1eb7c Moraxella catarrhalis t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c xoang \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00e2y b\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xoang tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00fam A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng xoang n\u1ebfu vi\u00eam m\u0169i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c. Vi\u00eam xoang sau c\u00fam th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 r\u1eeda m\u0169i, x\u00f4ng h\u01a1i, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u00eam, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1eb9t m\u0169i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ho dai d\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1eddm ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdng, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00f9ng m\u1eb7t khi c\u00fai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb7ng m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c xoang \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch sau c\u00fam A kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1i th\u1edf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n \u2013 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m b\u1ec7nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1eadu c\u00fam A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a c\u00fam A, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c cao nh\u01b0 H1N1 v\u00e0 H5N1 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u (Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis – HLH<\/em>). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy \u0111a c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00fam A n\u1eb7ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ed1t, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n huy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch n\u1eb7ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng \u201cng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i\u201d \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac m\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho T v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t virus tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan, l\u00e1ch to v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u. H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea9m sinh (li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n) ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t sau nhi\u1ec5m virus, ung th\u01b0, b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c. Trong nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c virus k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u, c\u00fam A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh EBV v\u00e0 CMV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fam A, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ca b\u1ec7nh cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7ng H1N1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u. Theo Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2023), \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u sau nhi\u1ec5m c\u00fam A H1N1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n B\u1ec7nh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn n\u1eb7ng, s\u1ed1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n huy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan l\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ch\u1ee7ng H5N1, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00fam gia c\u1ea7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c cao v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u00e3o cytokine m\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t. B\u00e3o cytokine trong nhi\u1ec5m H5N1 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201ct\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y\u201d c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 H3N2 hay H7N9 hi\u1ebfm khi g\u00e2y h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c sau nhi\u1ec5m c\u00fam A n\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng thu\u1ed1c, gan l\u00e1ch to, thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u, gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0ng da, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u v\u00e0 suy \u0111a c\u01a1 quan. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb theo ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00fam A \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Virus c\u00fam A kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u2013 b\u00e0o quan gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Fuchs v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2025) \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Science Advances, hay Wu v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2024) tr\u00ean Virus Research, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a virus c\u00fam A. Ti th\u1ec3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ATP th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n apoptosis (ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o theo l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh). Khi nhi\u1ec5m virus, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00fam A, ti th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti th\u1ec3 trong mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n virus n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RIG-I \u2192 MAVS \u2192 interferon. MAVS (Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling protein) n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ti th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t interferon lo\u1ea1i I khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n RNA virus. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 b\u1ea9m sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, virus c\u00fam A l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf protein MAVS, khi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ng virus. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap virus n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ea9m sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. Theo Wu v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2024), protein PA v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u protein kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a virus c\u00fam A c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c protein ti th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ti th\u1ec3, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 MAVS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, c\u00fam A c\u00f2n g\u00e2y stress ti th\u1ec3, k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). ROS \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng khi s\u1ea3n sinh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong nhi\u1ec5m c\u00fam A,  ch\u00fang ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y lipid m\u00e0ng, protein v\u00e0 DNA trong ti th\u1ec3 (mtDNA), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam, ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, \u0111au nh\u1ee9c, vi\u00eam lan t\u1ecfa m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i khi nhi\u1ec5m c\u00fam A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u00fam A \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ti th\u1ec3<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf virus c\u00fam A t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u1ee8c ch\u1ebf MAVS tr\u00ean ti th\u1ec3<\/td>MAVS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t protein tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng ti th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u IFN khi c\u00f3 virus. Virus c\u00fam A \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf MAVS \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t interferon t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/td><\/tr>
G\u00e2y stress ti th\u1ec3<\/td>Virus k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ROS (g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do) t\u1ea1i ti th\u1ec3 \u2192 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o \u2192 vi\u00eam v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/td><\/tr>
Thay \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ti th\u1ec3<\/td>Virus c\u00fam A \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ti th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed sang glycolysis \u2192 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhanh cho sao ch\u00e9p RNA virus<\/td><\/tr>
T\u0103ng apoptosis<\/td>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 protein c\u1ee7a virus c\u00fam A (nh\u01b0 PB1-F2) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng ti th\u1ec3, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t apoptosis \u2192 l\u00e2y lan virus sang t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, c\u00fam A c\u00f2n t\u00e1i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ti th\u1ec3. Thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed  v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ATP hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n sang glycolysis (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n), m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhanh nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 virus: glycolysis t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p RNA virus v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng virus m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Fuchs v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2025) cho th\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti th\u1ec3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p sialic acid, lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00e0 virus c\u00fam A c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o  t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m virus l\u00e2y lan m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u0103ng apoptosis. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 protein c\u1ee7a virus c\u00fam A, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 PB1-F2, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng ti th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cytochrome C \u2013 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o theo l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Khi apoptosis x\u1ea3y ra s\u1edbm, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t virus m\u1edbi, gi\u00fap virus lan sang c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, apoptosis qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4, vi\u00eam ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00fam A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y virus c\u00fam A t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ti th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a virus l\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ea9m sinh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean v\u00e0 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a virus, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00e2y vi\u00eam v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do protein PB1-F2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00fam A, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0ng ti th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 vi\u00eam n\u1eb7ng. C\u0169ng v\u00ec \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf tr\u1ee5c RIG-I \u2192 MAVS \u2192 interferon, virus c\u00fam A d\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, g\u00e2y tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti th\u1ec3 sau c\u00fam A l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi h\u1eadu virus k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ho k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c sau khi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1eadu c\u00fam A th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n h\u1eadu COVID-19, virus c\u00fam A v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y stress l\u00ean ti th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sophia Ng\u00f4.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Interferon (IFN) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c protein t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (cytokine) do t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh (nh\u01b0 virus, vi khu\u1ea9n) v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a virus, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i (Alpha, Beta, Gamma).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1eadu COVID-19 H\u1eadu COVID-19 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef y h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng sau khi nhi\u1ec5m SARS-CoV-2, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO), h\u1eadu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_citadela_custom_class":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10,9],"tags":[],"citadela-post-location":[],"class_list":["post-703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ayurveda","category-song-khoe"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u1eadu COVID-19 v\u00e0 H\u1eadu c\u00fam A \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti th\u1ec3 -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sophiango.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/21\/hau-covid-19-va-hau-cum-a-anh-huong-len-suc-khoe-ti-the\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u1eadu COVID-19 v\u00e0 H\u1eadu c\u00fam A \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti th\u1ec3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1eadu COVID-19 H\u1eadu COVID-19 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef y h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng sau khi nhi\u1ec5m SARS-CoV-2, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh. 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